The purpose of this book is to establish guidelines for tax and social security reforms in Japan in terms that are both efficient and equitable.

The purpose of this book is to establish guidelines for tax and social security reforms in Japan in terms that are both efficient and equitable.

This book provides a comprehensive appraisal of social security in Japan, where traditionally the burden of welfare provision has been the main responsibility of the family and employers, rather than the state.

Japan faces the problem of how to finance retirement, health, and long-term care expenditures as the population ages.

This paper analyzes various reform options for Japan’s public pension in light of large fiscal consolidation needs of the country.

We examine how the change in the trend of the elderly's employment rates has been associated with changes in incentives of social security and its related programs in Japan since the 1980s.

This study examines how elderly employment is associated with social security programs and how it responds to recent reforms in Japan.

This book discusses the building of comprehensive community support systems, which constitutes a key issue in social security reforms in Japan.

Japan has a universal public pension system. Social security spending is a key fiscal policy challenge in Japan. The 2004 pension reforms have increased the ratio of the government subsidy to the basic pension benefit.